1813 Battle of Lake Erie

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Comment by the reviewer.

In the day of Captains Perry, Elliott and Barclay, sea power was expressed in ways up close and personal.  The range of armament required this.  Further, in order to manage his ship in battle, a Captain had to know all there was to know about handling a ship under sail, a prodigious undertaking.  The only communication was by voice or messenger on board the flagship, or simple flag hoist to other ships.  These old ships were tough, beyond belief, and gunfire alone sometimes failed to quell them.  Often the fight was decided by a crew boarding the enemy, under intense fire and hand-to-hand personal combat, while locked alongside one another with grappling hooks.

Today, after two hundred years, everything is different.  The last gun duel between battleships was fought with ships at maximum range of dozens of miles, in the year 1944.  Battles are now fought with enemies hundreds of miles apart.  A battle group is not a “line of battle”, but a screening network of specialized ships designed to defend the main combatant from assault by missile, air, surface, and submarine simultaneously.  Weapons are discharged electronically.  Intelligence and fire control are provided by radar and sonar.  Battles are managed from a combat information center deep within the hull of the main combatant, by officers observing large electronic displays.  Communication is instantaneous.

Only one factor is the same.  In 1813, Commodore Perry stood in the open on his quarterdeck, where he could see all.  In 2013, the admiral would stand in his combat information center, where he can see all.

Howard M. McConnell, D. Sc., formerly executive officer and commanding officer, USS LSM 311, World War Two.

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The 200th anniversary of the Battle of Lake Erie is in September 2013 and we have gathered a large collection of links to old books that cover the battle in detail that are not available in modern texts.  These old books written between 1831 and 1950 are freely available and provide a glimpse to the past.  Many of the items cover the 100th anniversary.

Our page also includes a link to the offical bicentennial events page as well as links to other websites related to the battle.

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The Story of the Battle of Lake Erie: We have created another page designed to allow our readers to explore the Battle of Lake Erie at their own pace. The editors McConnell/Schilling have gathered snippets from the old books listed below that tell the story of the Battle of Lake Erie.

Each section is directly linked to a source document which allows the reader to explore any particular topic in greater detail.

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Background Information available on other websites:

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1839 Battle of Lake Erie, with notices of Commodore Elliot’s conduct in that engagement.

A lecture with supporting diagrams about the battle. Published in 1839 by Mr. Tristam Burges, a graduate of school of law of Rhode Island College in 1796 (now Brown University); member of U.S House of Representatives in 19th through 23rd congresses (March 4, 1825 – March 3, 1835). This treatise is very complete and apparently of superb accuracy. It details the conduct of Captain Elliott in deliberately avoiding action in the battle. Pages missing from the available record describe the proceedings, later, of Commodore Perry against Captain Elliott.

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1853 Battle of Lake Erie. A discourse, delivered before the Rhode-Island historical society, on the evening of Monday, February 16, 1852. By Usher Parsons.

Presented by Dr. Usher Parsons in 1852.  Dr. Parsons was the only surgeon aboard the Lawrence during that battle.  He was 25 years old at the time.  Parsons had little formal schooling, but began the study of medicine as an apprentice to physicians in Alfred and Boston. Parsons was licensed to practice by the Massachusetts Medical Society in 1812.  In this discourse Dr. Parsons, as a participant at the time, details explicitly the behavior of Captain Elliott in the hope that other U. S. ships would so disable the British that he could join the action at that time and claim the victory.

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1821 Documents in relation to the differences which subsisted between the late Commodore O. H. Perry and Captain J. D. Elliott

This book was published from Washington, D. C. two years after the death of Commodore Perry in 1819 due to yellow fever while at sea, without authorship noted.  Primarily it contains the full text of charges by Perry versus Elliott, written by Perry to the Navy Department, in the language of an indictment preparatory to court-martial.  The documents were entrusted to his friend Commodore Stephen Decatur, Jr. for safe keeping and for use as necessary to contain Captain Elliott.  Witnesses were not available, being on Mediterranean station, so a court martial was not held.  Decatur died in 1820 in a duel.  All these circumstances combined to sensibly exonerate Captain Elliott, who continued his naval career unmolested until he was convicted of other charges and suspended from duty for four years.  These charges were dismissed by President John Tyler in October 1843.

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1834 A review of a pamphlet purporting to be Documents in relation to the differences which subsisted between the late Commodore Oliver H. Perry, and Captain Jesse D. Elliott.

This document contains the minutes of a military court convened by Captain Elliott in which the sworn testimony absolves Capt Elliott of any and all dereliction of duty.

[ digital copy ]

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1891 History of the battle of Lake Erie : and miscellaneous papers.

This book is essentially a review of the writings of historian George Bancroft, written by Mr.Oliver Dyer.  In it, the Bancroft papers idolize Perry on pages 120-125.  Pages 133 to 190 are a direct reproduction of articles written by Bancroft to the New York Ledger newspaper, describing the battle in great detail, consistently with other accurate citations on this web site.  The conduct and character of Captain Elliott are described by Bancroft most explicitly.

[ digital copy ]

Additional insight into George Bancrtoft’s most remarkable career is available at the following link => Wikipedia

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Official souvenir program of the Perry’s victory centennial, 1813-1913, and celebration of one hundred years of peace.

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1913 Oliver Hazard Perry and the battle of Lake Erie

This book of over 330 pages details in remarkable clarity the early life, the detail of the battle (Chapter VIII, page 220), and its aftermath.  The detail of the battle agrees in all respects with other eyewitness and historical accounts.  In Chapter XIII the author summarizes the later troubles with Captains Heath and Elliott.

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1854 Oration, on the occasion of celebrating the fortieth anniversary of the battle of Lake Erie; delivered on the tenth of September, 1853, in Newport, R. I.

This speech is remarkable for the day in that it is readable, understandable, and pertinent.  It notes that the United States military is governed by the elected representatives of the people.  It states that our national spirit was not yet awake, we being the teen-aged daughter of our mature mother England.  It graciously celebrates the interment of officers and men of both fleets, in a common language, and alternately intermingled.

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Memorial in conjuction with Perry’s victory centennial and exposition. Committee on industrial arts and expositions, House of representatives ..

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1913 History of the battle of Lake Erie by W. W. Dobbins

This book, first published in the year 1876 and republished for the anniversary in 1913, is a true account of the building of Perry’s fleet and of the battle and its aftermath. It is taken from the recollection of the author’s father in the final years of his life plus notes and documents preserved from the time. It is written in a readable form as opposed to much correspondence of the early 19th century.

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1912 “Lest we forget.” Oliver Hazard Perry, the war of 1812, the battle of Lake Erie. This short pamplet is from the centennial celebration in 1912.

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1835 A biographical notice of Com. Jesse D. Elliott : containing a review of the controversy between him and the late Commodore Perry ; and a history of the figure-head of the U.S. frigate Constitution.

A lengthy compilation of the testimony of various persons regarding the Battle of Lake Erie, and the controversy associated with Commodore Perry.  Note that is not practical to derive any sense whatever from this treatise without detailed analysis and construction of time lines.  It is followed by a “biography” of Com. Elliott in his subsequent naval career.

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1858 An account of the organization & proceedings of the Battle of Lake Erie monument association.

A compendium of flamboyant speeches of little note except that veterans surviving from the battle were present.  A short summary of the battle is given.  Perry’s receipt of the British surrender is described.  Joint funeral services for the dead officers of both fleets are described sensitively.

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1862 Usher Parsons – Brief sketches of the officers who were in the Battle of Lake Erie.  20 page document with brief sketches of the lives of the commissioned and warrant officers in Perry’s squadron, written by one of them, at the request of some of their surviving relatives.  This was published in the New England Historical and Genealogical Register, January, 1863. The two senior commanders, Perry and Elliott, are omitted, having already been sufficiently covered by others.

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Catalogue of the Perry Victory Centennial Exposition, MCMXIII

This complete and comprehensive book includes paintings and drawings of famous Americans of times past, and will be of interest to historians.

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1885 Inauguration of the Parry statue, September 10, A. D. 1885, with the addresses of William P. Sheffield, and the remarks in receiving the statute by Governor Wetmore and Mayor Franklin, with the speeches at the dinner, of the governor, mayor, Hon. George Bancroft, Justices Blatchford and Durfee, Admirals Rodgers, Almy and Luce, the letter of Col. William H. Potter, etc.

It contains a series of notes and the addresses of participants.  There is little detail about the battle.

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1861 Inauguration of the Perry Statue : at Cleveland, on the tenth of September, 1860; including the addresses and other proceedings, with a sketch of William Walcutt the sculptor.

 This book was published by direction of the city council of Cleveland, Ohio.  The source was primarily articles published in the newspaper Cleveland Herald.  Many letters leading up to authorization are included.  Committees are named.  The book contains speeches by Mr. George Bancroft and by Dr. Usher Parsons, who was the surgeon on board of the ship Lawrence during the battle.  The celebration was vast, with over 100 thousand persons coming to Cleveland.  Various other survivors of the battle spoke or were present.  A mock battle was presented off the lake shore.

Note by reviewer:  The Perry statue was erected in Public Square.  When the square was reconfigured for the Soldiers and Sailors Monument, the statue was removed to storage.  It changed locations many times, including being placed in a tool shed.

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1913 Lake Erie and the story of Commodore Perry

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1910 House of Representatives memorial to Commodore Perry.

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1913 Old Niagara County’s share in the battle of Lake Erie.

A monograph by Mr. Peter A. Porter of the Niagara Frontier Historical Society.  Describes the early efforts of Captain Elliott in capturing certain British vessels and the reasons for choosing Erie as the building location for Lawrence and Niagara.

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Oration delivered at the centennial celebration of Cleveland, Ohio, on Perry’s victory day, September 10, 1896

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1891 Oration of Cassius Marcellus Clay before the Maumee valley historical and monumental association, of Toledo, Ohio, at Put-in-Bay Island, Lake Erie, on the 10th of September, 1891. The anniversary of the capture of the British fleet by Oliver Hazard Perry

This speech gives a detailed history of the land campaigns of the war from the Thames to New Orleans and all between and before.  Mr. Clay’s father was a participant.

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1859 Oration of Hon. Rufus P. Spalding, with an account of the celebration of the anniversary of the battle of Lake Erie, and laying the corner-stone of the monument, Sept. 10th, 1859.

This speech honored the laying of the cornerstone of the Perry Monument on Gibralter Rock in Put-in-Bay.  It referred to the battle in some detail and describes in general terms Perry’s work in constructing and arming his fleet, made of green wood from Erie’s forests nearby.

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Perry at Erie; how Captain Dobbins, Benjamin Fleming and others assisted him.

This work is interesting for its description of the fleet after the battle.  For example, the British ship Detroit was cast loose over Niagara Falls as an advertising spectacle.  The Lawrence was sunk and raised many times and was finally cut up for furniture and gentlemen’s canes.  The saga of Captain Dobbins is worth a book in itself.

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Perry’s victory centenntial souvenir.

This is a description of the building of the fleet under most awful difficulty.  This also covers the raising and rebuilding of the Niagara.

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Perry’s victory on Lake Erie

This transcript of a talk given on February 2, 1897, before the Military History Society of Massachusetts, by a naval officer, Commander J. G. Eaton, offers professional criticism of Commodore Perry’s fleet control prior to and during the battle.  It also remarks on the destruction done by his small vessels once in the action.

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1844 Speech of Com. Jesse Duncan Elliot, U.S.N., delivered in Hagerstown, Md. on 14th November, 1843.  Published by the Committee of arrangement of Washington county, Maryland

This speech, occupying upwards of 150 pages, contradicts Mr. Tristam Burge and extols Mr. James Fenimore Cooper.  It contains a full transcript of a military court ordered by Secretary of the Navy Crowninshield in response to testimony of Commodore Barclay of the Royal Navy, in London at a court martial to explain his loss of his fleet in Lake Erie, accusing the brig Niagara of deliberately avoiding action until boarded by Commodore Perry.  Much of the speech is devoted to Commodore Elliott’s career subsequent to the Battle of Lake Erie.

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1897 the battle of Lake Erie in rhyming verse by Joseph Allston.

Here is a treatise on the battle written in ametric but rhyming verse.  The author is Mr. Joseph Blyth Allston.  It has 28 verses in all.  In the final line of the final stanza, the author states:”The English speaking peoples war no more.”

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1843 The battle of Lake Erie, or, Answers to Messrs. Burges, Duer, and Mackenzie.

This treatise by Mr. James Fenimore Cooper   The frontispiece of this work reads as follows:  “Entered according to the act of Congress in the year 1843 in the office of the Clerk of the District Court of the United States in and for the northern district of New York.”  In its introduction Mr. Cooper states that it is in response to criticism which resulted in the work being “excluded from the District School Libraries” while the works of the persons named has been “lauded from one end of the Union to the other”.  This discourse comprises about 130 pages.

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The battle of Lake Erie, September 10, 1813

This work is “Reprinted from the United States Naval Institute Proceedings Vol. 39 No. 3, Whole No. 147 September 1913” being done on the centenary of the battle.  It is a short address giving just the basics of the battle and emphasizing the consequences.

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1918 The battle of Lake Erie: a collection of documents, chiefly by Commodore Perry: including the court-martial of Commander Barclay & the court of enquiry on Captain Elliott, comprising over 200 pages, by Mr. Charles Oscar Paullin:   Only 150 copies of this book were printed, privately, in Cleveland, for the Rowfant Club.  It contains reproductions of many documents and is carefully indexed.  Its extensive bibliography contains some of the works cited in this web site.

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1950 The building of Perry’s fleet on Lake Erie, 1812-1813

This scholarly treatise is the thesis, requiring 18 months of dedicated effort, by Max Rosenberg.  His thesis advisor was Dr. John W. Oliver, of the University of Pittsburgh  The nature of this work, being for academic credit at a major university, requires thorough research into published and unpublished references and must be subject to critical review since generally the advisor is listed as the primary author on publication.  The theme of the work is the logistics, defined broadly, of building the fleet.  The bibliography is an international list of 96 items.

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1816 Battle of Lake Erie – A Poem – The heroes of the North, or, The battles of Lake Erie, and Champlain : two poems.

These two poems were written in haste for presentation at large meetings, and came to public attention through betrayal by some of his friends who were lent manuscript copies.

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The Perry memorial and centennial celebration under the auspices of the national government and the states of Ohio, Pennsylvania, Michigan, Illinois, Wisconsin, New York, Rhode Island, Kentucky, Minnesota and Indiana.

This pamphlet of less than 30 pages is primarily a record of the names of commissioners from each sponsoring state.  It contains a brief description of the battle taken from other sources.

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The Perry’s victory memorial, Put-in-Bay, South Bass Island, Ohio, offical souvenir.

This item, priced 10 cents, is a general description of the memorial and its cornerstone.  There was a formal ceremony by the Freemasons, indicating the prominence of that society in contemporary times.

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1916 The Perrys victory centenary. Report of the Perrys victory centennial commission, state of New York.

A formal report of the celebration including a description of the raising and refitting the Niagara.  An unique part of the report describes a “Meeting of Colored People” (P. 93) in recognition of the many African Americans who sailed and fought with Perry.  The book comprises over 300 pages.

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1831 The travels and adventures of David C. Bunnell : during twenty-three years of a Seafaring life, containing an account of the Battle of Lake Erie, under the command of Com. Oliver H. Perry; together with ten years’ service in the navy of the United States. Also service among the Greeks, imprisonment among the Turks.

This work is the personal writing of the author’s own experience as described in the title.  It is recorded as having been delivered in manuscript to the clerk of the U. S. District Court for the Northern District of New York on May 18, 1831.  He apologizes for his inelegance of language, but states “But the reader is assured that, however surprising or incredible some of the facts it contains, I have strictly adhered to truth in every part of it.”  He gets to the action on the Great Lakes in Chapter 12, page 106, joining Captain Chauncey in Lake Ontario.  In Chapter 13, page 109, he goes with Captain Elliott to Erie to join Captain Perry.  His account of the battle is brief, but graphic.

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1840 Defence of Commodore Jesse Duncan Elliot, of the United States Navy.

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1839 Manifest of the charges preferred to the Navy department and subsequently to Congress, against Jesse Duncan Elliot a captain in the Navy of the United States for unlawful conduct while Commodore of the late Mediterranean Squadron.

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Sea power in its relations to the War of 1812

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The royal navy, a history from the earliest times to present

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The life of Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry by Mackenzie, Alexander Slidell, 1803-1848

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Centennial Editon: Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry, famous American Naval hero, Victor of the Battle of Lake Erie, his life and achievements. Mackenzie, Alexander Slidell, 1803-1848

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Miscellaneous papers, 1812-1814. Published 1907. See page 247 for meadallists comments for battle of lake erie. Searching for “Perry” you can find other medal recepients.

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1814 A Compilation of Biographical Sketches of Distinguished Officers in the American Navy: With Other Interesting Matter (Google eBook)

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1835 A Biographical Notice of Com. Jesse D. Elliott: Containing a Review of the Controversy Between Him and the Late Commodore Perry ; and a History of the Figure-head of the U.S. Frigate Constitution (Google eBook)

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1815 Naval Biography: Consisting of Memoirs of the Most Distinguished Officers of the American Navy; to which is Annexed the Life of General Pike (Google eBook)

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Images via Library of Congress – LOC.gov

Below is a list of interesting images about the battle of lake Erie availiable through the Library of Congress.

  • Title: Battle of Lake Erie Creator: Birch, Thomas, 1779-1851, artist  [ digital copy ]
  • Summary: Oliver Hazard Perry standing on front of small boat after abandoning his flagship, the Lawrence. Moran, Percy, 1862-1935 , artist  [ digital copy ]
  • Summary: Print shows Admiral Oliver Hazard Perry in a rowboat while being transferred from the U.S. Brig Lawrence to the U.S. Brig Niagara. Creator(s): Johnson & Miles, copyright claimant Johnson & Miles, publisher  [ digital copy ]
  • Summary: Print shows Admiral Oliver Hazard Perry behind a cannon aboard ship during the Battle of Lake Erie, with men waving hats, and a rooster perched on an unattended cannon. Creator(s): Walker, F. F. (Frederick F.), 1805-, engraver  [ digital copy ]
  • Summary: Print shows Admiral Oliver Hazard Perry speaking to gunners aboard ship during the Battle of Lake Erie. Creator(s): Ridgway, W., active 1854-1885, engraver [ digital copy ]
  • Title: The Battle of Lake Erie, Commodore O.H. Perry’s victory / Lithographed & published by J. Perry Newell, Newport, R.I.; printed by J.H. Bufford & Sons, Boston. [ digital copy ]
  • Summary: Print shows American warships under the command of Admiral Oliver Hazard Perry, firing on British warships during the Battle of Lake Erie. Creator(s): Annin, William B., 1791?-1839, engraver [ digital copy ]
  • Summary: Print shows American warships under the command of Admiral Oliver Hazard Perry, firing on British warships during the Battle of Lake Erie. Creator(s): Annin, William B., 1791?-1839, engraver  [ digital copy ]
  • Summary: Print shows the American ships Lawrence and Niagara fighting British ships during the Battle of Lake Erie. Creator(s): N. Currier (Firm)  [ digital copy ]
  • Summary: Print shows portraits of Oliver H. Perry, Stephen Decatur, Johnston Blakeley, William Bainbridge, David Porter, and James Lawrence surrounding a vignette of the battle of Lake Erie. Creator(s): N. Currier (Firm)  [ digital copy ]
  • Title: The Perry Memorial, Put-In-Bay, Ohio 1912 Ohio. Perry’s Victory Centennial Commission [ digital copy ]
  • Summary: Oliver Perry’s flagship the “Niagara” and two other ships in Put-in-Bay Harbor, Lake Erie. e Created/Published: c1913 July 23.  [ digital copy ]
  • Summary: Marine view showing American fleet, under the command of Oliver Hazard Perry, engaged in battle with the British on Lake Erie during the War of 1812. Date Created/Published: [ca. 1814] Creator(s): Birch, Thomas, 1779-1851, artist  [ digital copy ]
  • Title: The Niagara, Perry’s flagship. Notes: Crowd on shore; perhaps at centennial of Battle of Lake Erie, 1813. Detroit Publishing Co. , publisher 1913  [ digital copy ]
  • Title: The Niagara, Perry flagship replica. Detroit Publishing Co. , publisher Date Created/Published: [between 1910 and 1920]  [ digital copy ]
  • Title: The Niagara, Perry flagship replica, lower deck. Detroit Publishing Co. , publisher. Date Created/Published: [between 1910 and 1920]  [ digital copy ]
  • Document: An appeal for volunteers with reference to the deaths of Kentuckians at River Raisin. Issued at Camp Johnson on Lake Erie at the mouth of the Huron River. AUTHOR/CREATOR: McAfee, Robert B. (Robert Breckinridge), 1784-1849 CREATED/PUBLISHED: 1813-07-14  [ digital copy ]

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Sept 11th 1813 personal narrative of soldier John Payne at camp Seneca notes hearing September 10th cannons and impact of battle. Via LOC.gov

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Speech of Com. Jesse Duncan Elliott, U.S.N., delivered in Hagerstown, Md. on 14th November, 1843 Published 1986

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An impartial and correct history of the war between the United States of America, and Great Britain: comprising a particular detail of the naval and military operations, and a faithful record of the events produced during the contest. From its commencement, June 18, 1812, to the treaty of peace, ratified at the city of Washington, February 17, 1815 (Google eBook)

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1813 The Analectic Magazine, to which is Added, an Appendix of Official Naval Docments , Volume 2 (Google eBook)

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Buffalo Gazette Tuesday, September 28, 1813 Further Particulars of Commodore Perry’s Great and Glorious Naval Victory – Copy of a letter from William Foster, Esq. To Mr. S. Grosvenor, Merchant, Buffalo, dated Erie, 19, Sept. 1813

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1843 Graham’s American Monthly Magazine of Literature, Art, and …, Volumes 22-23

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1817 A Full and Correct Account of the Chief Naval Occurrences of the Late War Between Great Britain and the United States of America: William James Preceded by a Cursory Examination of the American Accounts of Their Naval Actions Fought Previous to that Period : to which is Added an Appendix ; with Plates (Google eBook)

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1817 H. A. Fay Collection of the Official Accounts, in Detail, of All the Battles Fought by Sea and Land, Between the Navy and Army of the United States and the Navy and Army of Great Britain, During the Years 1812, 1813, 1814, & 1815 (Google eBook)

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1823 John Barnnon – Official Letters of the Military and Naval Officers of the United States, During the War with Great Britain in the Years 1812, 1813, 1814, & 1815: With Some Additional Letters and Documents Elucidating the History of that Period (Google eBook)

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1843 Sherman Day – Historical collections of the State of Pennsylvania: containing a copious selection of the most interesting facts, traditions, biographical sketches, anecdotes, etc., relating to its history and antiquities, both general and local, with topographical descriptions of every county and all the larger towns in the state, See Page 320 for Erie & Perry (Google eBook

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1845 Jacob Neff – The Army and Navy of America: Containing a View of the Heroic Adventures, Battles, Naval Engagements, Remarkable Incidents, and Glorious Achievements in the Cause of Freedom, from the Period of the French and Indian Wars to the Close of the Florida War : Independent of an Account of Warlike Operations on Land and Sea : Enlivened by a Variety of the Most Interesting Anecdotes, and Splendidly Embellished with Numerous Engravings (Google eBook)

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1846 James Fenimore Cooper – Volume II – Lives of Distinguished American Naval Officiers: Jones. Woolsy. Perry. Dale (Google eBook)

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1830 Abel Bowen – The naval monument: containing official and other accounts of all the battles fought between the navies of the United States and Great Britain during the late war; and an account of the war with Algiers, with twenty-five engravings. To which is annexed a naval register of the United States (Google eBook)

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1911 Ohio Historical Society – Ohio History , Volume 20 (Google eBook)

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The Naval War of 1812 by By Theodore Roosevelt: Or, The History of the United States Navy During the Last War with Great Britain, to which is Appended an Account of the Battle of New Orleans, Volume 1 (Google eBook)

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